Essay about Medication versus Alternative Therapy in ADHD

Medication versus Alternative therapy in ADHD When dealing with adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHD may become a challenge for many parents. Knowing the facts about this disorder and how to treat the problem is the key to a healthy lifestyle for adolescents as well as families. Many therapies and medications are available to families with children with ADHD but many questions that parents have with their children with ADHD is which therapy is best and what would work best with their children and their quality of life. The question of which therapy, alternative versus medication therapy would improve adolescent’s quality of life and behavior modification. One of the biggest concerns when dealing with ADHD is the†¦show more content†¦Research is continually being conducted everyday with this common disorder. Many parents main concerns is the use of medication to treat their child. Many doctors nowadays show the parents the current research of studies being done and their effectiveness as well as providing papers for families for their willingness to participate in ongoing studies to better help understand their childs disorder and the best way to treat it ( Gà ¶rtz-dorten, Breuer, Hautmann, Rothenberger, Dà ¶pfner, 2011). One study conducted set an expected outcome for the results that they were wanting. This study also was available for other parents and families concerned with medication therapy for their child/adolescent and what medications actually worked. Many parents and teachers that helped with this study found satisfaction in medication therapy for the child/ adolescent taking the medication which in turn showed results of the child/ adolescents increase response to the medication ( Gà ¶rtz-dorten et al., 2011). Although medication therapy is one of the main choices for the diagnosis of ADHD, many parents do not wish to use medication therapy on their children. Recently more studies are being conducted on other ways to treat this order. Alternative or complementary therapy are starting to beginShow MoreRelatedBasic Treatment and Information on Attention Deficient Hyperactivity Disorder: A Guide for EC and non-EC teachers1452 Words   |  6 PagesAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD, is a behavior disability that affects children from 6-12 years of age and continues to show symptoms later in their adult life. Even though large amounts of the population are affected by ADHD, it is still unknown as to what the exact cause of ADHD. Depending on what type of diagnostic is used, there are anywhere from 1-2% to 6-7% of children around the world that have ADHD. Even though the exact cause of ADHD is not known, there are many people thatRead MoreThe Problem Of Mental Illness1683 Words à ‚  |  7 Pagesthis would be a misdiagnosis prescribing medication for ADHD will not work if the child’s inattention is caused by anxiety versus ADHD. This will cause a physician or clinician to have to start the examination process on the child all over again. This paper will discuss the disease, the diagnoses of the disease, various treatment options, and finally it will discuss the different controversys around ADHD. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common behavioural disorder thatRead MoreAttention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )976 Words   |  4 PagesAttention-Deficit/Hyperactivity-Disorder (ADHD) cases presently existing among school age children, the implementation of novel and contemporary classroom techniques has generated academic success with those affected by the disorder. Such scholastic victory in the education of children results in positive behavior as well as an increase in productivity within classroom environments as a whole. Although a few voices question the alternative approaches in accommodating ADHD affected students, the strategiesRead MoreEffects Of Adhd On Children And Adolescents With Adhd1543 Words   |  7 PagesADHD Treatment ADHD is not a curable condition but it is treatable, and treatment can begin at any age. The use of medication is the most common form of treatment. Stimulants are the best-known treatments and have been used for over 50 years (KidsHealth, n.d.). Non-stimulants and antidepressants are good alternatives to the use of stimulants. Research has shown medications used to help curb impulsive behavior and attention difficulties are more effective when combined with behavioral therapyRead MoreAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most frequently diagnosed2400 Words   |  10 PagesAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most frequently diagnosed neuro-developmental disorder [1] The percentage of children between the ages of 4 and 17 years, diagnosed with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has consistently risen from 7.8% in 2003 to 9.5% in 2007. As of 2011 11.0% (6.4 million) have been diagnosed with ADHD. When comparing 2003 to 2011 data thi s indicates that the proportion of children having a history of (ADHD) increased by 42% in less than a decadeRead MoreHow Parents Are Coping With An Adolescent Behaving1238 Words   |  5 PagesYork Times. The participants in this study were children between the ages of seven and seventeen who were diagnosed with a generalized or separation disorder, social phobia, substantial impairment, or an IQ of 80 or more. Also persons diagnosed with ADHD, OCD, ODD, CD, or PTSD were eligible to participate but only if they had a lesser severity. The ethnicities of the participants varied among different groups as the study recruited people at multiple centers and locations across the country, such asRead MoreSymptoms and Treatment of Childhood Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder1872 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿Childhood ADHD Childhood ADHD I was trying to daydream, but my mind kept wandering. ~Steven Wright Im sorry, I wasnt paying attention to what I was thinking. Shelley Curtiss Man, I love my ADHD. It always reminds me how much I dont remember. Frank Coppola The 21st century brings upon a new era in most areas of life, including education and health care. What used to be a little known and obtuse disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), is now more well knownRead MoreThe Effects Of The Negative Effects On Weight Therapy1650 Words   |  7 PagesThe mainstay of therapy includes cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal psychotherapy to reduce BE behavior, however, implementation has not been widespread and some patients fail to respond. Pharmacotherapies such as antidepressants and antiepileptics have shown some efficacy to reduce the frequency of BE, however, failed to have effects on weight loss and are associated with high rates of discontinuation.1 Other options that are being investigated are agents such as dextroamphetaminesRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder ( Adhd )3147 Words   |  13 PagesDisorder (ADHD) has been a diagnosis that has become controversial over the past few decades, bu t even more alarming is the treatment used to control this disorder and the possible lifelong effects this medication might have on them as adults. There is some school of thought that kids who are prescribed ADHD medications as children could have substance abuse issues later in life as they have an additional risk of addiction linked to the disorder, not to the treatment. The stimulant medication utilizedRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Essay2644 Words   |  11 PagesAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Works Cited Not Included Descriptions of ADHD symptoms have been stable since the mid-19th century. Even as early as 1863, the publics view of the disorder started to emerge in a poem by a German physicist which depicted Fidgety Phils classic signs of ADHD (6). In 1902, experts classified children suffering form ADHD as mentally retarded, socially inept or even emotionally disturbed. It wasn?t until the 1940?s that experts classified it as a neurological

Music And Its Effect On Music - 1490 Words

Music Itself Does Not Distract You Music is prevalent, so that it is extremely easy to find a place or situation with music played on. Not only does people enjoy music when they dance or sing, throw parties, but also they enjoy music when they drive, study or work. In other words, people live with music and music is an everyday thing. They, contrarily, think that the pieces of music are distractors when they need to concentrate on their works. This is why, especially, most of parents and teachers do not allow their children and students to listen to music while they study. In addition, many employers consider that their employees are not doing work when they are putting earphones on and listening to music. In fact, the music is not an absolute distractor and music itself does not disturb concentration of people but other factors do. The correlation between music and concentration does not apply to all kinds of music, however it depends on what genre of music people listen to while working or studying. In short, not all genres of music distract people from their works. According to the research written by Peter Tze, the result of cognitive works, for example reading, is affected by the genres of music the subjects of the experiment listen to. The hip hop music destroys the attention of people much more easily than the light classical music does. His study has the result that the participants of the experiment, requiring reading with music, with hip hop music have receivedShow MoreRelatedMusic And Effect Of Music1322 Words   |  6 Pagesinvestigating state anxiety of college students who listened to music prior to an exam, and his findings suggests a significant reduction in state anxiety levels of these students (as cited in Davis and Thaut,1989). This study however focuses on the use of preferred music rather than pre-chosen music, which indicates that the music could have been from any genre. This is contrary to other studies which found that sedative background music specifically is what tended to reduce state anxiety (Davis andRead MoreMusic And Its Effects On Music1871 Words   |  8 Pagesworking, cleaning, showering, exercising, dancing among many other things while listening to music. Music can be calming. Music can be uplifting. Music is universal. Music is a commonly discussed topic. But it is mainly discussed whether or not it is appropriate to use in an educational environment. Music is seen as a distraction. Some see it as an efficient medium to appease the mind. It is theorized that music creates out of the box ideas to life and improve critical thinking. Albert Einstein onceRead MoreThe Effects Of Music On The Music Industry1500 Words   |  6 Pagesago it would’ve been unrealistic for artists to believe they could survive in the music industry without a record de al. Thankfully, that has changed and it’s now easier than ever to create and distribute music without a major record label. But there still isn’t a free-for-all market where the music maker can be as free as they want, and maybe not as easy as it should be to reach out to an audience. The fact that music often is received differently in our society depending on the genre, is somethingRead MoreThe Effects Of Music On Music Education1002 Words   |  5 Pageschildren wanting to play outside instead of practice violin music is proven to make you smarter. When a child particularly at a young age learns how to play an instrument preferably in a social setting is provides the brain of that child with extra dopamine, new neurological connections, better behavior, and higher test scores. Schools are turning to new programs to aid music education and there are many reasons to support their decision. Music has been proven over many studies to show a connection toRead MoreThe Effect Of Music On Music726 Words   |  3 Pagesto need to make a choice on the music. You can either hire a band to play live at your event, or employ a DJ to MC the festivities. Here are [] benefits explaining why you should consider using a DJ to spin your wedding tunes. Convenience Factor Setting up a live band and their sound system is a complex ordeal. There is usually some type of stage assembly, plus you’re going to need to fill the time gaps when a band needs a break. When you elect to have live music for your wedding reception, youRead MoreThe Effects Of Reggae Music On The Music1216 Words   |  5 PagesThere are many people who do not know about reggae music. I was one of those people who did not know the existence of the reggae music until I met this one beautiful girl. Julie, my beloved beautiful future wife, introduced me the reggae music. My first thought of this music was boring. After a while the more time I spent with her made me fall in love with the reggae music too. The love of the music gave me the curiosity of the music and why reggae music helped me with to relax and gave comfort as I listenRead MoreThe Effects Of Music On The Music Essay1988 Words   |  8 PagesThroughout the years, music has inspired people. Music touches our heart, m akes us cry, makes us laugh, and heals relationships-even love someone. It encourages us to move-we can march, dance, tap our foot, snap our fingers and sway back and forth. Music fills our minds with memories that can bring a smile or drive us into a deep sadness. Patriotism is displayed when people come together because of a piece of music. Brotherhoods united when the school fight school is played. It creates a bondRead MoreThe Effects Of Classical Music On Music931 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is defined as â€Å"good† or â€Å"real† music? How does an individual come to define that? Many would say that classical music is â€Å"real† music since it is the basis of music that is created today and it has lasted through time. It is still heard today, one of the first types of music to last. Others may strongly disagree; even though it has stood the test of time what actually makes this the sole definition of â€Å"good† music? It doesn’t, there really is not a true universal definition. There are multipleRead MoreThe Effects Of Music On The Music Industry1496 Words   |  6 PagesBefore sound recording were possible, music was enjoyed live by watching the performers performing on their instruments in front of you. When sound recording became possible, the way we enjoy music was not limited to watching the performers anymore. By looking at the development of sound reproduction and the devices that are capable of sound playback, we are able to take a look at look on how the production and consumption of music have been affected over the years in terms of portability, affordabilityRead MoreThe Effects Of Music On Music Throughout History1587 Words   |  7 PagesTechnology: The Effects on Music throughout History Music and technology aid one another. In a way a person can capture music they love through technology and then the electronic companies flourish due to the sale and popularity of these electronic devices. If a person wants to listen to music they can turn on a stereo or TV, choose a CD or DVD to play, or listen to a songs downloaded in ITunes. All of these devices are proof to show how technology is used to record, play, and change the way music is heard

Religious Speech And Symbolism Should Be Permissible On...

It’s crazy how individuals vote against God, the almighty father, the one who created us, the one who sustains us and the one who allowed us to wake up each day. They are fighting against our first Amendment Law. Many claim that by praying, we are forcing religion on students, but that’s not the case. Many parents that are religious will never understand why our kids are not participating in prayer activities in our public schools. Let’s stop overlooking our First Amendment Law as individuals. The First Amendment Law clearly states that â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to†¦show more content†¦No one is looking at the benefits, most people are just stuck on the negative impacted. Forcing any student to pray is totally wrong. Each student should be given the right to freedom of religi on. No teacher would ever force a child, who chooses not to pray. Parents want to keep their kids safe, but having them choose will make life much easier. The Supreme Court has held that student expressive activity—including prayer—cannot be impeded by the public school unless the activity creates a material and substantial disruption to the school s ability to fulfill its educational goals. Any attempt to restrict such speech is unconstitutional where there has been no finding and no showing that engaging [in the activity] would materially and substantially interfere with the requirements of appropriate discipline in the operation of the school.† (Restricting Religious Expression in Schools Is Unconstitutional.) If we take a moment and reminisce on the positives of involving praying in our schools, you will notice the following benefits; it invites God into our daily activities, it can enhance good grades, reminds our kids how to act, and it promotes peace among our pairs. The scripture states we should put God first in everything that we do. Prayer humbles the heart in so many ways. In order to comprehend, you need to have a relationship with him. Before, I migrated to the United States, We

A Midsummer Night s Dream By William Shakespeare - 919 Words

Relationships are what controls everything in a person’s life. There is even a psychological stage in human development where the average human’s biggest problem is creating relationships. This simple fact of life has been found all throughout media, history, and even daily life. It has been seen especially in plays throughout the world. In â€Å"A Midsummer Night’s Dream† by William Shakespeare a marriage between Theseus and Hippolyta is being planned and ends up coinciding with the deadline for Hermia to marry Demetrius, a man she doesn’t love. The marriage has been set up by her father, but she truly loves another man. This other man is Lysander. While Hermia is being fought over, Helena confesses her love of Demetrius although it isn’t reciprocated. And while all of these relationships are being played out and followed, the king and queen of the fairies are having a large fight. This entire play is truly controlled by these different rela tionships. The main relationship that controls the plot is between King Oberon and Queen Titania of the fairies. Their fight is what truly propels the rest of the story on. Queen Titania took this small, Indian boy that they both want, and King Oberon wants him. She refuses and he decides that he wants to have some revenge. He orders Robin Goodfellow, one of his pucks, to find a flower which juice, if sprinkled on a sleeping person’s eyes, will cause them to fall in love with the next person they see. He intends to do this to Titania toShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s A Midsummer Night s Dream1339 Words   |  6 PagesHonors For A Midsummer Night s Dream By William Shakespeare 1. Title of the book - The title of the book is called A Midsummer Night s Dream by William Shakespeare. 2. Author s name - The author of the book A Midsummer Night s Dream is William Shakespeare. 3. The year the piece was written - A Midsummer Night s Dream by William Shakespeare was believed to have been written between 1590-1596. 4. Major Characters - There are three major characters in the book A Midsummer Night s Dream by WilliamRead MoreA Midsummer Night s Dream By William Shakespeare1882 Words   |  8 PagesWritten during the Elizabethan era where gender roles played an important part in society and relationships, A Midsummer Night’s Dream by William Shakespeare portrays the interaction between both sexes, and the women’s response to the expectation of such norms. Although the characters: Hippolyta, Hermia, Helena, and Titania, are portrayed as objects (both sexual and material) contingent upon their male lovers, they are also given empowerment. During the Elizabethan Era, and present throughout MNDRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s A Midsummer Night s Dream1474 Words   |  6 Pagesinstance, one could look at the movies A Midsummer Night’s Dream and Shakespeare in Love. The latter follows the life of William Shakespeare himself, everything from his love affair with Viola de Lesseps to his creation of Romeo and Juliet. A Midsummer Night’s Dream, is one of the most famous plays of Shakespeare’s, revolving around the tumultuous relationships of four lovers, aided, and sometimes thwarted by the mischief of fairies. Although Shakespeare in Love outlines a few of the characteristicsRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s A Midsummer Night s Dream1548 Words   |  7 Pagesspoken by Helena in Act 1 Scene 1 line 234, explains that it matters not what the eyes see but what the mind thinks it sees. In the play, A Midsummer Night s Dream, written by William Shakespeare, there are several instances where the act of seeing is being portrayed. The definition of vision is the ability to see, something you imagine or something you dream. This proves that even though one has the ability to see; the mind tends to interfere and sometimes presents a different picture. VariousRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s A Midsummer Night s Dream867 Words   |  4 Pagesspecifically how they will benefit that other person, you’re in love.† In A Midsummer Night s Dream, William Shakespeare intertwined each individual characters. Through the concept of true love and presented to the audiences a twisted yet romantic love story. The love stories of Renaissance are richly colorful, so Shakespeare used multiple literary techniques to present to the readers a vivid image of true love. Shakespeare applied metaphor in the lines of Lysander. In Act 1, scene 1, Lysander saysRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s A Midsummer Night s Dream990 Words   |  4 PagesSymbols in William Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream Symbols help to play an important part in giving a deeper meaning to a story. William Shakespeare uses a variety of symbols in his play A Midsummer Night’s Dream and by using these symbols he offers some insight onto why certain events take place in the play. Symbols are sometimes hard to decipher but as the reader continues to read the symbol’s meaning might become more clear. Shakespeare uses a variety of symbols in A Midsummer Night’s DreamRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s A Midsummer Night s Dream1397 Words   |  6 PagesShakespeare’s comedies, like those of most Renaissance playwrights, involve love and its obstacles. Much of the comedy in A Midsummer Night’s Dream derives from the attempt of Lysander and Hermia to remain together while overcoming the adult authority figure who attempts to hinder the love of a young couple. The overcoming of an obstacle functions as a common motif in Renaissance comedy. The audience must wonder, however, whether Lysander and Hermia, as well as Demetrius and Helena, actually loveRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s A Midsummer Night s Dream1207 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream has been categorized as a comedy play because of all the characters being passionately in love to the point of being foolish. It’s a play all about love, and the characters that are in love are only young adults, so they are still naive when it comes to love. Their naivety and foolishness regarding love is what allows them to be taken advantage of by mischievous fairies when they all run away into the woods. By critiquing the love affairs and numerousRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s A Midsummer Night s Dream1277 Words   |  6 Pagestogether. Nor will love ever be a controllable compulsion. Maybe we are fools for going into the perilous, eccentric universe of love; yet what fun would life be without it? William Shakespeare s play A Midsummer Night s Dream investigates the unconventional, unreasonable and unpredictable nature of love during his time. Shakespeare conveys this through the main plot of the play, which is composed of the relationships between three couples. The three couples show examples of three different types ofRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s A Midsummer Night s Dream1442 Words   |  6 Pages William Shakespeare is estimated to have lived from 1564 to about 1616. He is often recognized as great English poet, actor, and playwright, and paved the way for many on all of those categories. Over that span he wrote many pieces that are still relevant today such as Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, and Macbeth. I would like to take a deeper look into one on his pieces â€Å"A Midsummers Night’s Dream.† This piece is estimated to have first been preformed in about 1595 and then later published in 1600. Many

Notes Experimental Psych Overview Free Essays

Sociology Biology Chemistry Physics Astronomy Anthropology Psychology Others Outer circle (CO) : Art Music Literature Language Solvable and unsolvable Problems Solvable problem- one which poses a question that can be answered with the use of normal capacities (answers questions under the inner and outer circle) Unsolvable problem – raises a question that is unanswerable. This concerns supernatural phenomena (falling under Metaphysical disciplines) Science is Empirical (Observable) Solvable problems are susceptible to empirical solution by studying observable vents Science Defined 1 . Sciences apply the scientific method to solvable problems 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Notes Experimental Psych Overview or any similar topic only for you Order Now Dullness’s In the CO don’t use the SMS but their problems are typically solvable 3. The dullness’s outside the circles neither use the SMS nor pose solvable problems C] Science is the application of the SMS to solvable problems. Psychology as a Science Psychology Is Materialistic, Objective and Deterministic If psychology Is ever to become a science, It must follow the example of the physical sciences: it must be materialistic, mechanistic, deterministic, objective. -Watson Materialism (Same as Physicality) – observable responses, physical events Objectivity – the principle of intersecting reliability Intersecting- two or more people share the same experiences Determinism- the assumption that there is lawfulness Experimentation is the most powerful research method 0 Psychology became a science by applying the SMS to solvable problems. Psychological experimentation is an application of the SMS Stating the Problem and Hypothesis Testing the Hypothesis 1. Select participants 2. Randomly assign to groups 3. Randomly assign groups to condition/treatment . Experimental group given a novel treatment b. Control group given normal treatment 4. Define the IV 5. Define the DVD 6. Control relevant EVE 7. Conduct statistical tests 8. Generalize and explain the hypothesis 9. Predict new situations Terms 1 . Replication – an additional experiment is conducted but with the same process 2. Stimuli – aspects of the external environment 3. Response – aspects of behavior 4. S-R Laws – if a certain environmental characteristics is changed, behavior of a certain type also changes 5. Variable – anything that can change in amount 6. Independent variable – manipulated, treatment, investigation 7. Dependent variable – measure of any change in behavior 8. Continuous variable – capable of changing by any amount 9. Discontinuous variable – assume only numerical values that differ by clearly defined steps without intermittent values possible 10. Hypothesis -tentative solution to problem Functions of Apparatus 1. To administer experimental treatment 2. To collect data 3. To reduce experimenter influences 4. To analyze data specifically Conducting Statistical Tests Chance difference Reliable difference Real 0 statistically reliable Accidental 0 due only to chance Significant 0 reliable (Preferable) Confirmed 0 probably true Discontinued 0 probably false it can be measured. J. B. Watson – If psychology is ever to become a science, it must follow the example of the physical sciences: it must be materialistic, mechanistic, deterministic, and objective. Chapter 2 – The Problem Problem Scientific inquiry starts when we have already collected some knowledge but there is something we still do not know Ways Problem is Manifested 1 . When there is a noticeable gap in the results of investigations Students conducting thesis are reading related literature so their storehouse of information is filled with new knowledge 2. When the results of several inquiries disagrees The results are contradicting 3. When a fact exists in the form of unexplained information When a new theory explains a fact, it also explains other phenomena, because theories are general that it can explain many facts Defining a Solvable Problem 1. The proposed solution is Testable 2. The proposed solution is Relevant to the problem A. What is a testable hypothesis? A. If it is possible to determine that it is either true or false B. Knowledge is expressed in the form of propositions a. The requirement that knowledge can occur only in the form of a statement is critical for the process of testability. C. Degree of Probability Instead of True or False Kinds of Possibilities 1 . Presently attainable – the possibility is within our power at the present time 2. Potentially attainable – possibilities that may come within the powers of people at some future time Classes of Testability 1 . Presently testable – related with Presently attainable 2. Potentially testable – related to Potentially attainable Working Principle for the Experimenter . Applying the criterion of Testability a. Do all the variables contained in the hypothesis actually refer to empirically observable events? B. Is the hypothesis formulated in such a way that it is possible to relate it to empirically observable events and render a decision on its degree of probability? Term: determine the degree of probability for them. Unsolvable Problems The Unstructured Problem Inadequately defined terms and the operational definition Solution Through Operational Definitions Operational definitions – one that indicates that a certain phenomenon exists, and sees so by specifying precisely how the phenomenon is measured Operations – adequate definitions of the variables with which a science deals are a prerequisite to advancement. Initiated by P. W. Abridgment in 1972 Impossibility of Collecting Relevant Data Vicious circularity renders problems unsolvable Additional considerations Problems should be technologically or theoretically important Problems of the impasse variety should be avoided unless creative solutions are possible Psychological reactions to problems- we should emphasize a truth criterion and not dismiss a discovery only because it is disturbing How to cite Notes Experimental Psych Overview, Papers

Computer Sciece Traditional Scenario free essay sample

This does not have to be within the 25 hours recommended time. ; You will need to complete and sign a Candidate Record Form which your teacher will provide. Information You will also be marked on your use of English. It Is Important to: ; ; ; ; ; make sure that all your work is legible use correct spelling, punctuation and grammar use a style of writing which suits the person you are writing for organize your information clearly, so that you make yourself understood use Computer Science terms where they are needed. 2 Scenario 4: Flash Card Quiz Flash cards are a well-known tool for learning and revision.They normally consist of a piece of card with a keyword on one side and the definition of the keynoted on the other side, for example: Keyword Cellulose Definition Tough substance that makes up the cell walls of green plants A teacher wants her students to use a computerized version of a flash card quiz to help them remember Key Stage 3 Biology definitions. The program should display a series of keywords to a student and ask them to choose the correct definition for each keyword. The quiz is completed once a student has matched each keyword with its function twice.An external file containing the keywords and definitions to be used in the quiz will be provided by your teacher. Tasks 1) Develop the part of the program that loads the keywords and definitions from the external file your teacher has given you. 2) Develop the part of the program that displays a randomly chosen keyword and three possible definitions (all taken from the data you have been given). The three definitions must include the correct one and two other randomly chosen definitions. The three definitions shown to the student must be different from each other. Develop the part of the program that will allow the student to choose one of the definitions. A. If they choose the correct definition a success message is displayed. B. If they choose an incorrect definition, they are told they are wrong and are shown the correct definition. 4) Develop the program so that tasks 2 and 3 are repeated continuously until the student has correctly matched every keyword with its definition exactly twice. A. Once the keyword has been correctly matched with its definition twice, it should not be displayed again. B. The three definitions should be displayed in a random order each time.This is to make sure that the correct definition is not easily identified by its position. 5) Extend the program so that when the student has identified all keywords correctly twice the following information is displayed. A. The total number of incorrect attempts at matching keywords with their definitions. B. The total time, displayed in minutes and seconds, it took for the student to complete the quiz. C. The student should be given the option to either start the quiz again or exit the program. Scenario 4 3 Keywords and definitions to be used in the Flash Card Quiz Keyword CelluloseRespiration Hemoglobin Ventilation Cartilage Cytoplasm Nucleus Alveoli Amino acids Virus White blood cells Photosynthesis Stomata Vaccine Fiber Definition Tough substance that makes up the cell walls of green plants A chemical reaction that causes energy to be released from glucose A substance which Joins to oxygen and carries it round the body in the blood Breathing Tough, smooth substance covering the ends of bones to protect them Jelly-like part of a cell where chemical reactions proteins are digested The smallest type of microbe Can engulf bacteria or make antibodies The process of turning carbon dioxide, water and light into glucose and oxygen Small holes in the underside of a leaf Dead or inactive fo rms of a microorganism A nutrient that cannot be digested Turn over for information on organizing your portfolio Turn over 4 In addition 1 . Your Portfolio Remember that you are looking to provide an application that will meet the needs of the Biology teacher.You are free to use whatever software tools and techniques are available to you. What your teacher will be looking for and how to provide that evidence for your Portfolio In preparing you for this unit of work, your teacher will have provided you with more information about the section headings below. Part 1 Design of solution Design of solution (0-9 marks available) What you must do ; ; Show an understanding of what the problem involves with reference to the users needs. Produce an overview plan that shows how the problem is to be solved. Produce pseudo code (or suitable alternative) showing the main blocks within the proposed solution.Part 2 Solution development Solution development (0-9 marks available) What you must do ; Show evidence of an understanding of how the final solution meets the needs of the user. Produce annotated code that demonstrates an understanding of the programming techniques used. Part 3 Programming techniques used Programming techniques used (0-36 marks) What you must do ; ; Show an understanding of the programming techniques used and how the different parts of the solution work together. Explain/Justify the choice of programming techniques used to create a solution that has been coded efficiently. Show evidence for the purpose and use of data structures.Show the techniques used (appropriate to the language used) within the code to make the solution robust. Part 4 Testing and evaluation Testing and evaluation (0-9 marks available) What you must do ; ; Produce a test plan hat shows the expected tests, test data and expected results. Show that the planned tests have been carried out and provide a record of the actions taken. Evaluate how the final solution meets the needs of the user. 5 2. Organizing your Portfolio of work Your Portfolio is where you keep the evidence that you have produced. You should imagine that the Portfolio is to be used by another person who is interested in how you produced your solution.

Rapid Advances in Information and Communication Technology

Question: Describe about the Rapid advances in Information and Communication Technology. Answer: Research background The development of applications including e-learning, e-government, e-commerce and e-health has been facilitated with the rapid advancement of information and communication technology. The initiation of e-government was in early 1990s and at that time, the ICT technologies were used for improving the public organizations activities. The United Nations approved the establishment of the World Summit on Information Society (WSIS) in 2001. It influenced the establishment of comprehensive, sustainable and forward looking national strategies as an integral part of national development plans and poverty reduction strategies including the sector and ICT strategies (ITU, 2010b). It has been reported that within 161 countries in ITU, 84% countries already have ICT strategies, thus meeting the WSIS target of national ICT strategies (ITU, 2010b). For public sectors, the e-government innovation has become the key focus and the national and local government throughout the world is trying to enhanc e awareness of ICT usage for increasing the efficiency of accessing information and for the provision of electronic public services. E-government is becoming the most investigated ICT applications in recent future and it is attracting major focus of research and development (Pudjianto and Hangjung, 2009). In the previous literatures, the benefits offered by e-government to the business, citizen as well as government has been highlighted. In addition, many researchers have been attempting to investigate the e-government application adoption along with its implementation strategies in public organizations. This is because e-government promises to reduce paper work, to provide governmental services and corruption alleviation (Ndou, 2004). Within the mixed research related to e-government, one key domain is dealing with goals and value setting which should be achieved by implementing e-government applications and initiatives including accountability, efficiency, transparency, democratic responsiveness and free access to information (Ndou, 2004). In this context, Riley (2001) claimed that in general, the values of e-government tools are limited, but after applying the specific goals and objectives, the values of e-government applications enhances. Another domain deals with the factors which are promoting or interfering with the e-government tools adoption (Nour et al., 2008; Kumar et al., 2007). These factors and their effects upon the implementation of e-government is explained by the use of some models combining these factors, thereby helping the organizations, local and national government to understand the adoption processes. Therefore, this research is justified for analyzing the adoption processes which is a criti cal issue in developing countries. Previous literature revealed that the successful completion of e-government has not been reported in developing countries. The failure of 60-80% government projects has been reported for not achieving desired goals (Heeks, 2003; UN, 2008a). Researchers reported that some crucial aspects should be taken into account during the initiatives of e-government projects; these include political, cultural, economic and technological infrastructure related conditions. The argument was that, the values which are being adopted should match the settings where the e-government is carried out. It has been also revealed that failure happens due to the incompatibility within the targeted values, goals and the context of implementation. An insufficient settings-based framework was established for improved adoption of e-government and for recognizing the crucial issues and factors influencing adoption process, in a developing country. In this research, Libya is the focused context where the government has undertaken the initiative of ICT strategy implementation in 1990s. ICT is an extremely efficient tool for improving the efficiency of the government services. The actual achievements commenced through the establishment of the modern digitalized national telecommunication network. In 2004, the National Information Centre (NIC) had been established by the government in 2004 as the formal body for coordinating e-government in Libya. In 2001, the formulation of the national Strategy for ICT was its foundation. As the e-government has recently come into sight in developing countries including Libya, there are many remaining issues. Characterizing these issues is necessary for overwhelming these in-built challenges. Statement of the Problem In spite of the wide recognition of e-government in public sector, there are a number of issues remaining in the adoption and diffusion procedures. There are two main sources from where the research problems are identified: For developing the research background of e-government, analyzing the issues faced by the developed countries and characterizing the literature gap is important. The initial study would be carried out in Libya. In this context, interviews with key executives for understanding the influence from the country in adopting e-government would be conducted. Additionally, the interfering issues and the influencing factors for adoption process would also be discussed. The key findings from previous literatures along with the primary data collected from the study would highlight different issues which would help to identify the issues discussed below: The e-government is not only a technological project, rather is a process of reengineering that can affect business, economy, organization, human and politics. Thus, the change would include the basic factors including political, cultural and social factors. These factors Inspite of having wider impact upon developing countries such as the African and Arabic countries, gained least attention in strategic agenda settings. In Libya, it has been reported that these factors play a major role in guiding the decision making processes and shaping peoples lifestyle. Thus, through effective efforts and making right choices and actions, better adoption of this process can be achieved. According to Heeks and Bailur (2007), there were fewer studies related to the success and failure of e-government in Africa. Therefore, initially, the broader literature related to failure or success of ICT projects in developed countries can be analyzed through different models. The issue related to the use of previously existing models in the current context of developing countries is that these models might not be suitable for developing countries as the requirements of developing countries may be different in a different context. Thus, a crucial requirement of development of a conceptual framework is there which can map out and increase the transparency of specific requirements of developing countries. Research Aim The aim of this research is to establish a framework for adoption of e-government for identifying the crucial factors that affects the e-government adoption in Libya. It would give a direction to the policy makers for making the right decision for e-government adoption in Libyas public sectors. Research Questions What critical success factors (CSFs) help in implementing e-government initiative in Libya? How these identified Critical Success factors can be useful in formulating comprehensive structure of e-government in Libya state? Research Scope The research would investigate the adoption of e-government in Libyas public sectors. However, the research focus would be government-to-government domain instead of government to citizen domain. Research Objectives To achieve the expected goal of the research, the following research objectives would be investigated: To form the state of art in e-government along with the characterization of the e-government concepts through different perspectives. To recognize the barriers, challenges and scopes for hindering or supporting e-government adoption in Arabic and African countries. To investigate the models and framework that would be used for e-government adoption in the context of developing countries. To characterize the critical success factors promoting e-government adoption in Libyas public sector. To establish an adoption framework for e-government that would direct the policy makers to use effective decision making processes through the use of initiative from Libyas public organization. Significance of the Research The research study is conducted for investigating the adoption of e-government applications in developed countries. As the developing countries have been shown to have low level of diffusion and adoption, this research is important for politicians, researchers, policy and decision makers and professionals. The study findings would be guiding the policy makers to take correct decisions at both organizational and national levels for improving the environments and to make the public sector suitable for sustaining the change process. Through the following points the research significance can be analyzed: 1.7.1 Add to research in contextual factors Most of the previous literatures related to e-government application has been focused upon the technical factors including assessment surveys and training programs (Chowdhury et al., 2006; Edington and Shin, 2006; AL-Shehry et al., 2006; Esteves and Joseph, 2008). Thus, this research is providing a holistic view through the consideration of contextual issues in both non-technical and technical terms contributing in the adoption of e-government. 1.7.2 Add to research in Africa and the Arab World Governments in Africa and Arabian countries are implementing the digital knowledge. Nevertheless, the research related to e-government is relatively low. More investigation, assessment and improvement are needed for sustaining the adoption of e-government in these countries. 1.7.3 Add to research in Libya This research study would raise the necessity of adopting e-government in Libya as a crucial aspect for professionals and academics. In Libya, e-government is at a preliminary stage, as there is very little research done on it. This research would help to characterize the challenges and opportunities for adaptation of the process of change. In addition, the finding and analysis of the research would give significant information and guidance for correct decision making regarding e-government adoption on Libya. 1.7.4 Contextualize in the trends in Libya Libya has become the fastest growing state in Africa after the recent development of telecommunication and related economic growth along with the initiation of oil production in 1990s. Libyas government allowed new legislation and investments which depicts that the country is growing towards liberalization, structural change and privatization. This investment is promoting the country to be associated with global network. Contribution to knowledge The current research would involve significant knowledge and practice related to the e-government in Arabian and African countries by reflecting on organizational, technical and environmental factors. The assessment of previous literature related to e-government throughout the world has revealed that understanding both the promoters as well as the hindrance to the adoption of e-government in Libya is quite difficult. This current study is highlighting an e-government adoption framework to assist Libya and other developing countries having similar context to make appropriate decisions to enhance the effectiveness of e-government plan implementation. Therefore, in conclusion, the research is significant enough and has new things to be identified in this domain along with knowledge contribution in: Identifying critical success factors for adopting e-government in Libyas public sectors. Establishing an e-government adoption framework suitable for developing countries and public sectors.